HINT 22A: Think about this from the point of view of the rare allele.
HINT 22B: Ignore the possibility that a lineage crosses and then crosses back.
HINT 22C: It is simplest to plot the chance that there has been no coalescence by time t; this declines smoothly from 1 to 0. A rough sketch will do.
HINT 22D: This depends on the expected length of the corresponding branch.
HINT 22E: Only incompatibilities that involve two dominant alleles can be expressed in the F1.
HINT 22F: Males have one X chromosome, and so any recessive incompatibility allele will be expressed if it is on this chromosome. Incompatibilities might be between genes on the autosomes, or between X and autosome, or between two genes on the X.
HINT 22G: Use a log scale on the vertical axis, as in Figure 22.22.)
HINT 22H: What is the chance that the chromosome arrangement found in one particular deme will eventually spread through a population of D demes? See page 425.
HINT 22I: You can find the maximum most easily using a graph; otherwise, you can differentiate and set the slope to zero.
HINT 22J: Recall Box 17.1. You can assume that allele BP is very rare, because it is incompatible with AP. Thus, assume that s and pB are small and ignore terms such as (1 + s), s × pB, etc.
HINT 22K: You can assume that changes are slow, so that the effects of gene flow and selection can be added together. It is most convenient to write down a pair of differential equations for dpA/dt, dpB/dt (Box 28.2), but you can avoid calculus by working with the changes across discrete generations, ΔpA, ΔpB, if you prefer.
HINT 22L: There may be several possible equilibria.
